EVALUATE THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS BY MEASURING INTERLEUKINS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Keywords:
Infection, Interleukin, Neonatus, Sepsis, Umbilical cordAbstract
Neonatal sepsis is a clinical condition that manifests within the first month of a newborn's life and is accompanied by systemic bacteremia. Early onset sepsis (EOS) and late onset sepsis (LOS) are the two categories that make up neonatal sepsis (LOS). The first hour of birth is when signs of early-onset sepsis appear in babies, and 90 percent of symptoms appear during the first 24 hours of life. We determined the levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-, and sCD163 in the serum of infected, non-infected, and control neonates prior to the administration of antibiotics, at 24 hours after the administration of antibiotics, and at 48 hours after the administration of antibiotics during the course of this study, which took place over the course of two years. Our findings add credibility to the use of early IL-6 testing as a technique for the quick detection of neonatal sepsis. This is particularly true in babies who were delivered to women who had risk factors. In a previous study, the level of IL-6 was not demonstrated to be predictive of neonatal sepsis in neonates who did not have any risk factors. This was the case even though the study was conducted in neonates who did have risk factors.
References
Gomella T, Cuningham M, Eyal F. Neonatology: Management, procedure, On-Call Problems, Disease, and Drug. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2020.
Marcdante K, Kliegman RM. Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
Samir S; Shams A; Stephanie S; et al. Aetiology of Neonatal Infection in South Asia (ANISA): An Initiative to Identify Appropriate Program Priorities to Save Newborns. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35-(5):6–8.
Kari AS; Shirley F; Ann L; et al. Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis. Shirley. 2014;27(1):21–47.
Verma P; Brewal PK. Neonatal sepsis: epidemiology, clinical spectrum, recent antibiotic agent and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2015;3(1):176–80.
Halpert PD. Neonatal sepsis and observation guideline. New York: NHS; 2018.
Vera AZ; Ocha TJ. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis. J Trop Pediatr. 2015;61(1):1– 13.
Rusmawatiningtyas D, Nurnaningsih N. Mortality rates in pediatric septic shock. Paediatr Indones. 2017;56(5):304.
Gombart AF; Pierre A; Maggini S. A review of micronutrients and the immune system—working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12.
Maggini S; Pierre A; Calder CP. Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course. Nutrients. 2018;10(2):1–22.
Finnerty CC, Herndon DN, Chinkes DL, Jeschke MG. SERUM CYTOKINE DIFFERENCES IN SEVERELY BURNED CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT SEPSIS. Shock [Internet] 2007;27(1). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/shockjournal/Fulltext/2007/01000/SERUM_CYTOKINE_DIFFERENCES_IN_SEVER ELY_BURNED.2.aspx
Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, Arabi YM, Beitler JR, Mercat A, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2019 Mar;5(1):18.
Stacey A, Toolis C, Ganesan V. Rates and Risk Factors for Arterial Ischemic Stroke Recurrence in Children. Stroke [Internet] 2018 Apr 1;49(4):842–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.020159
Prashant A, Vishwanath P, Kulkarni P, Sathya Narayana P, Gowdara V, Nataraj SM, et al. Comparative assessment of cytokines and other inflammatory markers for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis–a case control study. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68426.
Cobo T, Kacerovsky M, Andrys C, Drahosova M, Musilova I, Hornychova H, et al. Umbilical cord blood IL-6 as predictor of early-onset neonatal sepsis in women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69341.
Ganesan P, Shanmugam P, Sattar SBA, Shankar SL. Evaluation of IL-6, CRP and hs-CRP as Early Markers of Neonatal Sepsis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 May;10(5):DC13-7.
Fadilah A, Haksari E, Wandita S. Umbilical cord blood interleukin-6 level as a predictor of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Paediatr Indones [Internet] 2022 Oct 28;62(5 SE-Neonatology). Available from: https://www.paedia tricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/2702
Küng E, Unterasinger L, Waldhör T, Berger A, Wisgrill L. Cut-off values of serum interleukin-6 for cultureconfirmed sepsis in neonates. Pediatr Res [Internet] 2022; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-02202329-9
World Health Organization’s. Global report on the epidemiology and burden of sepsis. Geneva: World Health
Organization’s; 2020.
de Souza D, Machado F. Epidemiology of Pediatric Septic Shock. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2019;08(01):003–10.
Kocabas E, Sarikcioglu A, Aksaray N, Seydaoglu G, Seyhun Y, Yaman A. Role of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Turk J Pediatr. 2007;49(1):7.
Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM, Lai Y, Santiago J, Shen‐Schwarz S, Campbell WA. Maternal chorioamnionitis and
umbilical vein interleukin‐6 levels for identifying early neonatal sepsis. J Matern Med. 1999;8(3):88–94.
Akdis M, Aab A, Altunbulakli C, et al. Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor b, and TNF-a: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. Fundam allergy Immunol. 2016;138(4):984–1009.
Naseem S, Iqbal R, Munir T. Role of interleukin-6 in immunity: A Review. Int J Life Sci Res. 2016;4(2):268–74.
Buck C, Bundschu J, Bartmann P, Pohlandt F, Gallati H. Interleukin-6: a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection. Pediatrics. 1994;93(1):54–8.
Messer J, Eyer D, Donato L, Gallati H, Matis J, Simeoni U. Evaluation of interleukin-6 and soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor for early diagnosis of neonatal infection. J Pediatr. 1996;129(4):574–80.
Palmeira P, Quinello C, Silveira-Lessa AL, Zago CA, Carneiro-Sampaio M. IgG Placental Transfer in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Salumets A, editor. Clin Dev Immunol [Internet] 2012;2012:985646. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/985646
Eichberger J, Resch B. Reliability of Interleukin-6 Alone and in Combination for Diagnosis of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: Systematic Review [Internet] Vol. 10, Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022.Available from: https://www.
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.840778
Chiesa C, Pacifico L, Natale F, Hofer N, Osborn JF, Resch B. Fetal and early neonatal interleukin-6 response. Cytokine. 2015;76(1):1–12.
Machado JR. Neonatal sepsis and inflammatory mediated. Hidawi Publ Corp. 2014;81(7):34–9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing
Ninety Nine Publication publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This licensing allows for any use of the work, provided the original author(s) and source are credited, thereby facilitating the free exchange and use of research for the advancement of knowledge.
Detailed Licensing Terms
Attribution (BY): Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Users may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
No Additional Restrictions: Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
