SEMINAL FRUCTOSE AND CITRIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS RELATIVE TO VIRAL INFECTIONS AMONG MEN FOR FERTILITY EVALUATION IN YAOUNDE, CAMEROON
Keywords:
Fructose, citric acid, viral infections, male infertilityAbstract
Introduction: Nearly 50% of infertile couples’ cases are due to male factors. Male infertility is pluri-etiological and as such, it is important to understand the role of seminal plasma novel biomarkers and viral infection in male infertility. The main objective of this study was to compare the fructose and citric acid levels in men with HBV, HCV, HIV amongst those seeking fertility evaluation.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on consenting male participants. The semen samples from patients were collected properly and analyzed according to the World Health Organization-2010 manual. Later samples were assayed for biochemical markers and viral antigens and antibodies following their standard protocols. Statistical analysis of the findings was performed using IBM SPSS-24.0 software. Significant statistical difference between median sperm parameters of both groups of men and biomarker levels were considered at p < 0.05.
Results: the prevalence of hepatitis B, C and Human Immune deficiency Virus were 6.3% (5), 2.5% (2) and 3.8% (3) respectively. The study highlighted that there is no significant difference in the fructose and citric acid levels amongst HBV, HCV, and HIV patients (p >0.05).
Conclusion: The assessment of biochemical markers of seminal fluid for fertility evaluation didn’t give a clear understanding of the effect of viral infection on the accessory glands. It important to investigate in a larger population to have more pertinent information.
References
Vander Borght M, Wyns C. Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem. 2018;62:2-10. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012
Toragall M, Satapathy S, Kadadevaru G, Hiremath M. Evaluation of seminal fructose and citric acid levels in men with fertility problem. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2019;12(3):199. doi:10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_155_18
Rollet, J. Biochimie du liquide séminal: Intérêt pour le clinicien. Androl. 9, 468–471 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03034663
Winters BR, Walsh TJ. The epidemiology of male infertility. Urol Clin North Am. 2014;41(1):195-204. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.006
Abogale Al-Khazali IH, Al-Fartosy AJM, Al-Sawaad HZ. Al-Khazali et al (2020): Effect of seminal fructose and citric acid in infertile men Study the effect of Seminal Fructose and Citric Acid Levels in Men with Infertility. 2020;23. doi:10.36295/ASRO.2020.231375
Sennana Sendi H, Ajina M, Lahouel M A, Khairi H, Saad A. Etats épididymaire, prostatique et vésiculaire en relation avec les paramètres du spermogramme chez les hommes consultant pour infertilité. Andrologie. 1994, (4) : 451-458
Sakandé J, Kabré E, Ekue-Ligan A, Ouédraogo H A, Sawadogo M. Relation entre les anomalies du spermogramme et les constituants biochimiques du liquide séminal de sujets consultant pour hypofertilité masculine à Ouagadougou. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2012, 6(3) :1167-1178.
Shemshaki G, Murphy A S, Malini S S. Assessment and establishment of correlation between reactive axidation species, citric acid, and fructose level in infertile male individuals: A machine-learning approach. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:129-136.
Liu W, Han R, Wu H, Han D. Viral threat to male fertility. Andrologia. 2018;50(11). doi:10.1111/and.13140
Gimenes F, Souza RP, Bento JC, et al. Male infertility: A public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Nat Rev Urol. 2014;11(12):672-687. doi:10.1038/NRUROL.2014.285
Kang XJ, Xie QD, Zhou XL, et al. Effects of Hepatitis B Virus S Protein Exposure on Sperm Membrane Integrity and Functions. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33471. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0033471
World Health Organization. Laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Cambridge
Cambridge Univ Press. Published online 2010:32-99. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241547789_eng.pdf
Agarwal, A., Mulgund, A., Hamada, A. et al. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 13, 37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0032-1
Barth RE, Huijgen Q, Taljaard J, Hoepelman AIM. Hepatitis B/C and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: an association between highly prevalent infectious diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(12):e1024-e1031. doi:10.1016/J.IJID.2010.06.013
Marcellin P. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in 2009. Liver Int. 2009;29(SUPPL. 1):1-8. doi:10.1111/J.1473231.2008.01947.X
The burden of viral hepatitis in the WHO Region of Africa. Accessed March 22, 2022.
https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/viral-hepatitis/67856/
Benksim A, Elkhoudri N, Addi RA, Baali A, Cherkaoui M. Difference between Primary and Secondary Infertility in Morocco: Frequencies and Associated Factors. Int J Fertil Steril. 2018;12(2):142-146. doi:10.22074/ijfs.2018.5188
Kbirou A, Jandou I, Adnane E, Mohammed E, Moataz A, Mohammed D, Debbagh A, Aboutaieb R, Profil épidémiologique et clinique de l'infertilité masculine : étude observationnelle transversale descriptive et analytique, Sexologies,2021,ISSN 1158-1360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2021.05.004.
Johnson J, Flores MG, Rosa J, et al. The High Content of Fructose in Human Semen Competitively Inhibits Broad and Potent Antivirals That Target High-Mannose Glycans. J Virol. 2020;94(9). doi:10.1128/JVI.0174919/SUPPL_FILE/JVI.01749-19-SD001.XLSX
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
