THE ROLE OF PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/0gxj8f72Keywords:
Congenital heart disease, pediatric cardiology, managementAbstract
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the most common congenital anomaly, affecting approximately 1% of live births worldwide. This systematic review aims to evaluate current evidence on the role of pediatric cardiology in the management of congenital heart disease.
Methods: The study followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, reviewing English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. Editorials, duplicate reviews from the same journal, and papers lacking a DOI were excluded. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar.
Result: A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified through online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, eight relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis.
Conclusion: Pediatric cardiology is essential in CHD management, ensuring early diagnosis, specialized interventions, and lifelong care. Advancements in technology and early detection enhance outcomes, while ongoing research and healthcare improvements remain crucial for optimizing survival rates and quality of life.
References
Barach PR, Jacobs JP, Lipshultz SE, Laussen PC, eds. Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care: Volume 1: Outcomes Analysis. Springer London; 2015. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6587-3
Masarone D, Valente F, Rubino M, et al. Pediatric heart failure: a practical guide to diagnosis and management. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017;58(4):303-312.
Satou GM, Rheuban K, Alverson D, et al. Telemedicine in Pediatric Cardiology: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(11). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000478
Yagel S, Silverman NH, Gembruch U. Fetal Cardiology: Embryology, Genetics, Physiology, Echocardiographic Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Perinatal Management of Cardiac Diseases. CRC press; 2018. Accessed March 1, 2025.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Tzb3DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Pediatric+
Cardiology+in+The+Management+of+Congenital+Heart+Disease&ots=
jAFGn08nDx&sig=VWUAcWWPk_WIGsDZIElktUNZJ2U
Rao PS. Management of congenital heart disease: state of the art—part II—cyanotic heart defects. Children. 2019;6(4):54.
Cassidy AR, Ilardi D, Bowen SR, et al. Congenital heart disease: A primer for the pediatric neuropsychologist. Child Neuropsychol. 2018;24(7):859-902. doi:10.1080/09297049.2017.1373758
Lai WW, Mertens LL, Cohen MS, Geva T. Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: From Fetus to Adult. John Wiley & Sons; 2021. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yYtCEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Pediatric+
Cardiology+in+The+Management+of+Congenital+Heart+Disease&ots=JBxlW6NT24&sig=
lpVjqH75aftVA-OBGc9RlQN7ElY
Sanapo L, Moon-Grady AJ, Donofrio MT. Perinatal and delivery management of infants with congenital heart disease. Clin Perinatol. 2016;43(1):55-71.
Park MK, Salamat M. Park’s The Pediatric Cardiology Handbook-E-Book: Park’s The Pediatric Cardiology Handbook-E-Book.Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XXgWEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Pediatric+
Cardiology+in+The+Management+of+Congenital+Heart+Disease&ots=Biuisogf2j&sig=
Uri1aY21HqZ8GqIiPbukWzGFk
Karni-Visel Y, Dekel R, Sadeh Y, Sherman L, Katz U. “You Have to Find a Way for This Child to Be at the Center”: Pediatric Cardiologists’ Views on Triadic Communication in Consultations on Congenital Heart Defects. Health Commun. 2025;40(1):15-26. doi:10.1080/10410236.2024.2329422
Bertaud S, Lloyd DFA, Laddie J, Razavi R. The importance of early involvement of paediatric palliative care for patients with severe congenital heart disease. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(10):984-987. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309789
Rashid U, Qureshi AU, Hyder SN, Sadiq M. Pattern of congenital heart disease in a developing country tertiary care center: Factors associated with delayed diagnosis. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2016;9(3):210. doi:10.4103/0974-2069.189125
Lantin-Hermoso MR, Berger S, Bhatt AB, et al. The Care of Children With Congenital Heart Disease in Their Primary Medical Home. Pediatrics. 2017;140(5):e20172607. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2607
Rassaf T, Totzeck M, Backs J, et al. Onco-Cardiology: Consensus Paper of the German Cardiac Society, the German Society for Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects and the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(10):1197-1222. doi:10.1007/s00392-020-01636-7
Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease: The Task Force for the management of adult congenital heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(6):563-645. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554
Hinton RB, Ware SM. Heart Failure in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. Circ Res. 2017;120(6):978-994. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308996
Triedman JK, Newburger JW. Trends in Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation. 2016;133(25):2716-2733. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023544
Hernández-Madrid A, Paul T, Abrams D, et al. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital heart disease, endorsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE. EP Eur. 2018;20(11):1719-1753. doi:10.1093/europace/eux380
Wong KK, Fournier A, Fruitman DS, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Pediatric Cardiology Association position statement on pulse oximetry screening in newborns to enhance detection of critical congenital heart disease. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(2):199-208.
Oliveira AC, Mattos S, Coimbra M. Development and assessment of an e-learning course on pediatric cardiology basics. JMIR Med Educ. 2017;3(1):e5434.
Saxena R, Singh D, Menon V. Controversies in neuro-ophthalmology: Steroid therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62(10):1028. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.146021
Bouma BJ, Mulder BJM. Changing Landscape of Congenital Heart Disease. Circ Res. 2017;120(6):908-922. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309302
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
