DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIGEN TEST IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Keywords:
Antigen test, Children, COVID-19, Diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2Abstract
The early identification and subsequent isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are two of the most important methods for avoiding the COVID-19 population spread. It's possible that about forty percent of those infected with high viral loads won't show any symptoms at all. Asymptomatic individuals are thought to be responsible for roughly 40% to 45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and they are able to spread the virus to others for a lengthy period of time, maybe more than 14 days. Antigen testing has many benefits, including a low overall cost and a short turnaround time, which all contribute to its ability to rapidly detect infected individuals. Testing using RT-PCR should be investigated when it has been determined that symptomatic patients have a negative response to antigen testing and that asymptomatic individuals have a positive response to antigen testing. The quantities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus found in children are significantly lower than those found in adults. It is essential to take into consideration the fact that the Ct values of those who are symptomatic and those who are asymptomatic do not differ considerably from one another. Before these tests are widely used in either national or international prevention strategies, it is necessary to carry out additional large studies in order to evaluate the clinical utility of these tests in the community. This evaluation must be carried out in order to conduct additional large studies. Antigen tests are shown to have an accuracy that is very near to being perfect in this article. Despite the fact that the majority of nations adhere to the agreement that PCR testing is required in order to diagnose COVID-19.
References
Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Racalbuto V, Veronese N, et al. Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) current status and future perspectives: A narrative review. Vol. 17, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI AG; 2020.
Oran DP, Topol EJ. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection : A Narrative Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Sep;173(5):362–7.
Wang Y-C, Lee Y-T, Yang T, Sun J-R, Shen C-F, Cheng C-M. Current diagnostic tools for coronaviruses-From laboratory diagnosis to POC diagnosis for COVID-19. Bioeng Transl Med. 2020 Sep;5(3):e10177.
Pray IW, Ford L, Cole D, Lee C, Bigouette JP, Abedi GR, et al. Performance of an Antigen-Based Test for Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Two University Campuses - Wisconsin, SeptemberOctober 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan;69(5152):1642–7.
Cendejas-Bueno E, Romero-Gómez MP, Escosa-García L, Jiménez-Rodríguez S, Mingorance J, García-Rodríguez J. Lower nasopharyngeal viral loads in pediatric population. The missing piece to understand SARS-CoV-2 infection in children? Vol. 83, The Journal of infection. England; 2021. p. e18–9.
Albert E, Torres I, Bueno F, Huntley D, Molla E, Fernández-Fuentes MÁ, et al. Field evaluation of a rapid antigen test (PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device) for COVID-19 diagnosis in primary healthcare centres. Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;27(3):472.e7-472.e10.
L’Huillier AG, Lacour M, Sadiku D, Gadiri MA, De Siebenthal L, Schibler M, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of SARSCoV-2 Rapid Antigen Detection Testing in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in the Clinical Setting. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Aug;59(9):e0099121.
Sood N, Shetgiri R, Rodriguez A, Jimenez D, Treminino S, Daflos A, et al. Evaluation of the Abbott BinaxNOW rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Implications for screening in a school setting. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249710.
Eleftheriou I, Dasoula F, Dimopoulou D, Lebessi E, Serafi E, Spyridis N, et al. Real-life evaluation of a COVID-19 rapid antigen detection test in hospitalized children. J Med Virol. 2021 Oct;93(10):6040–4.
González-Donapetry P, García-Clemente P, Bloise I, García-Sánchez C, Sánchez Castellano MÁ, Romero MP, et al. Think of the Children: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test in Pediatric Population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021 May;40(5):385–8.
Villaverde S, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Sabrido G, Pérez-Jorge C, Plata M, Romero MP, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Panbio Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen Rapid Test Compared with ReverseTranscriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Nasopharyngeal Samples in the Pediatric Population. J Pediatr. 2021 May;232:287-289.e4.
Corman VM, Haage VC, Bleicker T, Schmidt ML, Mühlemann B, Zuchowski M, et al. Comparison of seven commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid point-of-care antigen tests: a single-centre laboratory evaluation study. The Lancet Microbe. 2021 Jul;2(7):e311–9.
Scohy A, Anantharajah A, Bodéus M, Kabamba-Mukadi B, Verroken A, Rodriguez-Villalobos H. Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis. J Clin Virol Off Publ Pan Am Soc Clin Virol. 2020 Aug;129:104455.
Lisboa Bastos M, Tavaziva G, Abidi SK, Campbell JR, Haraoui L-P, Johnston JC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020 Jul;370:m2516.
Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020 Jun;323(22):2249–51.
Crozier A, Rajan S, Buchan I, McKee M. Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19. BMJ. 2021 Feb;372:n208.
Ghaffari A, Meurant R, Ardakani A. COVID-19 point-of-care diagnostics that satisfy global target product profiles. Diagnostics. 2021;11(1):115.
Osterman A, Baldauf H-M, Eletreby M, Wettengel JM, Afridi SQ, Fuchs T, et al. Evaluation of two rapid antigen tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 in a hospital setting. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2021 Feb;210(1):65–72.
Schildgen V, Demuth S, Lüsebrink J, Schildgen O. Limits and Opportunities of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Tests: An Experienced-Based Perspective. Pathog (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Jan;10(1).
Chou J, Thomas PG, Randolph AG. Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nat Immunol. 2022 Feb;23(2):177–85.
Rostad CA, Kamidani S, Anderson EJ. Implications of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Children: Getting Back to School and Normal. Vol. 175, JAMA pediatrics. United States; 2021. p. e212022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing
Ninety Nine Publication publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This licensing allows for any use of the work, provided the original author(s) and source are credited, thereby facilitating the free exchange and use of research for the advancement of knowledge.
Detailed Licensing Terms
Attribution (BY): Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Users may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
No Additional Restrictions: Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
