GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN OFFSPRING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight, OffspringAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder, more commonly abbreviated as ASD, is a neurodevelopmental condition that can be brought on by a number of different things. Although it is commonly accepted that genetic and environmental factors, as well as the interactions between the two, contribute to autistic phenotypes, the actual causal mechanisms that underpin this phenomena are not yet known to be fully understood by researchers. In this study, the significance of several criteria, including the age of the parents, teratogenic chemicals, prenatal dangers, medication, smoking and alcohol use, food, immunization, hazardous exposures, and the function of severe psychosocial factors, is methodically mapped out. There is a correlation between obesity and systemic inflammation, which can be seen in the increased production of cytokines that happens as a result of an increase in the amount of adipose tissue that has been stored in the body. The United States of America served as the location for the investigation's conduct. Furthermore, GWG that was adjusted for gestational age was associated with ASD, and this association was especially high in male offspring. This finding was consistent across all genders.
References
Benjamin J; Sadock M. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams Wilkins; 2009.
Zwaigenbaum L, Penner M. Autism spectrum disorder: advances in diagnosis and evaluation. Bmj. 2018;361.
Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018;392(10146):508– 20.
Lavelle TA, Weinstein MC, Newhouse JP, Munir K, Kuhlthau KA, Prosser LA. Economic burden of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):e520–9.
Jo H, Schieve LA, Sharma AJ, Hinkle SN, Li R, Lind JN. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and child psychosocial development at 6 years of age. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):e1198–209.
Hoirisch-Clapauch S, Nardi AE. Autism spectrum disorders: let’s talk about glucose? Transl Psychiatry [Internet] 2019;9(1):51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0370-4
Lau D. What are the Effects of Maternal Obesity on Synaptic Function in the Maternal and Offspring Hippocampus? University of Waterloo; 2013.
Windham GC, Anderson M, Lyall K, Daniels JL, Kral TVE, Croen LA, et al. Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain in relation to autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders in offspring. Autism Res. 2019;12(2):316–27.
Matias SL, Pearl M, Lyall K, Croen LA, Kral TVE, Fallin D, et al. Maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in association with autism and developmental disorders in offspring. Obesity. 2021;29(9):1554–64.
Bilder DA, Bakian A V, Viskochil J, Clark EAS, Botts EL, Smith KR, et al. Maternal prenatal weight gain and autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2013;132(5):e1276–83.
Xiang AH, Wang X, Martinez MP, Walthall JC, Curry ES, Page K, et al. Association of maternal diabetes with autism in offspring. Jama. 2015;313(14):1425–34.
Ann Hendrix R, Rohrer JE, Danawi H, Refaat A. Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Sibling Case-control Study of Maternal Prenatal Body Mass Index. Int J Childbirth Educ. 2012;27(4).
Shen Y, Dong H, Lu X, Lian N, Xun G, Shi L, et al. Associations among maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and risk of autism in the Han Chinese population. BMC Psychiatry [Internet] 2018;18(1):11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1593-2
Lee PMY, Tse LA, László KD, Wei D, Yu Y, Li J. Association of maternal gestational weight gain with intellectual developmental disorder in the offspring: a nationwide follow-up study in Sweden. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol [Internet] 2022 Mar 1;129(4):540–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16887
Joung KE, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Mantzoros CS. Maternal Midpregnancy Leptin and Adiponectin Levels as Predictors of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prenatal Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet] 2021 Oct 1;106(10):e4118–27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab378
Qiu T, Guo B-B, Wang L-Z, Zhang H, Xu Y, Jiang X-Y. [Association between overweight/obesity in parents and autism spectrum disorders in offspring] Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi [Internet] 2018;20(5):383–6. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/29764575
Connolly N, Anixt J, Manning P, Ping-I Lin D, Marsolo KA, Bowers K. Maternal metabolic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder—An analysis of electronic medical records and linked birth data. Autism Res [Internet] 2016 Aug 1;9(8):829–37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1586
Bolton JL, Bilbo SD. Developmental programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet: focus on inflammatory mechanisms. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2022;
Wolf AM, Wolf D, Rumpold H, Enrich B, Tilg H. Adiponectin induces the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RA in human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct;323(2):630–5.
Carpita B, Muti D, Dell’Osso L. Oxidative stress, maternal diabetes, and autism spectrum disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018.
Edlow AG. Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Prenat Diagn. 2017;37(1):95–110.
Goeden N, Velasquez J, Arnold KA, Chan Y, Lund BT, Anderson GM, et al. Maternal inflammation disrupts fetal neurodevelopment via increased placental output of serotonin to the fetal brain. J Neurosci. 2016;36(22):6041–9.
Edlow AG, Hui L, Wick HC, Fried I, Bianchi DW. Assessing the fetal effects of maternal obesity via transcriptomic analysis of cord blood: a prospective case–control study. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;123(2):180–9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing
Ninety Nine Publication publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This licensing allows for any use of the work, provided the original author(s) and source are credited, thereby facilitating the free exchange and use of research for the advancement of knowledge.
Detailed Licensing Terms
Attribution (BY): Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Users may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses them or their use.
No Additional Restrictions: Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
